Features of the lexical composition of the national variants of the Spanish language of Latin America
Tarnaeva Larisa Petrovna, Nikulnikova Nadezhda Yuryevna
Saint Petersburg State University
Herzen University
Submitted: 11.05.2024
Abstract. The purpose of this study was to identify the national and cultural characteristics of the lexical composition of the Spanish language of Latin America. The scientific novelty of the work consists in the identification and comprehensive description of the main groups of vocabulary that make up the national and cultural originality of the vocabulary of Latin American variants of the Spanish language, and in the analysis of the features of the use of culturally labeled vocabulary in texts of various functional styles. As a result of the study, the role of lexical borrowings from the languages of Indian peoples and African immigrants in the formation of the lexical composition of the Spanish language of Latin America was revealed. The degree of influence of the American version of English on the vocabulary of Latin American national languages was determined. The main structural and semantic modifications that the vocabulary of the Spanish language endured under the influence of linguistic and cultural contacts were described. The main groups were identified culturally marked lexical units reflecting historical, socio-political, economic and cultural processes that took place in Latin American countries. Specific examples show the functioning of culturally marked vocabulary in modern Latin American speech. The study was conducted on the material of the Spanish language of Latin America.
Key words and phrases: национально-культурное своеобразие, влияние языковых и культурных контактов, основные группы культурно-маркированных лексических единиц, словарный состав латиноамериканских национальных языков, national and cultural identity, influence of linguistic and cultural contacts, main groups of culturally marked lexical units, vocabulary of Latin American national languages
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