New Forms of Fight against Racial Discrimination in the United States in the XXI Century: "Black Lives Matter" Movement
Khafizova Rufina Railovna, Tukhvatullin Rustehm Rasfarovich
Bashkir State University
Submitted: 18.12.2020
Abstract. The purpose of the study is to determine the status of the "Black Lives Matter" movement in the socio-political life of modern America and the extent to which it is a successor to public organisations of the second half of the XX century. Scientific novelty of the research topic lies in the fact that for the first time in the Russian historiography, the thesis was substantiated that the "Black Lives Matter" movement became a leader of fight for civil rights enhancement of the African Americans in the XXI century on par with public organisations of the second half of the XX century, despite having different agenda, methodology and tools. As a result, it was found that the "Black Lives Matter" movement emerged in response to modern forms of systemic discrimination against the African Americans (in particular, biased attitude of law enforcement agencies towards the US black population) and developed unique methods of achieving its goals. Thus, its distinctive feature is an active use of modern technologies: the Internet and social networks.
Key words and phrases: расовая дискриминация в США, гражданские права, протестные движения, движение "Жизни черных важны", BLM, racial discrimination in the United States, civil rights, protest movements, movement "Black Lives Matter"
Open the whole article in PDF format. Free PDF-files viewer can be downloaded .
References:
Akhmetshin R. I. Radikal'nye techeniya v dvizhenii afroamerikantsev za grazhdanskie prava i svobody vo vtoroi polovine XX v.: diss. … k. ist. n. Kazan', 2017. 246 s.
Baiden zakhotel podpisat' zakon imeni Floida o politsii SShA [Elektronnyi resurs]. URL: https://vz.ru/news/2021/5/26/1101100.html (data obrashcheniya: 26.05.2021).
Bogatyreva M. R., Galumyan L. E. Cherno-belaya diskriminatsiya na rynke truda // Aprobatsiya. 2013. № 4. S. 10-24.
Geevskii I. A. SShA: negrityanskaya problema. Politika Vashingtona v negrityanskom voprose (1945-1972 gg.). M.: Nauka, 1973. 348 s.
Geevskii I. A., Chervonnaya S. A. Natsional'nyi vopros v obshchestvenno-politicheskoi zhizni. M.: Nauka, 1985. 273 s.
Degtyarev A. K., Posukhova O. Yu. Institutsional'nye praktiki v sfere garmonizatsii mezhrasovykh i mezhetnicheskikh otnoshenii v SShA [Elektronnyi resurs]. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/institutsionalnye-praktiki-v-sfere-garmonizatsii-mezhrasovyh-i-mezhetnicheskih-otnosheniy-v-ssha/viewer (data obrashcheniya: 05.12.2020).
Nitoburg E. L. Afroamerikantsy SShA. XX vek: etnoistoricheskii ocherk. M.: Nauka, 2009. 583 s.
Sogrin V. V. Sotsial'nye konflikty v SShA. Uchastniki i etapy [Elektronnyi resurs] // Novaya i Noveishaya istoriya. 2019. № 4. S. 5-26. URL: https://ras.jes.su/nni/s013038640005847-9-1 (data obrashcheniya: 12.12.2020).
Teilor Dzh. Beloe samosoznanie: rasovaya identichnost' v XXI veke / per. s angl. M. Yu. Diunova; vstup. st. V. B. Avdeeva. M.: Iks-Khistori; Kuchkovo pole, 2014. 496 s.
Black Lives Matter [Elektronnyi resurs]. URL: https://blacklivesmatter.com (data obrashcheniya: 05.12.2020).
Black Lives Matter. International activist movement [Elektronnyi resurs]. URL: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Black-Lives-Matter (data obrashcheniya: 05.12.2020).
Blackout Tuesday: pochemu vse vokrug publikuyut chernye kvadraty v sotssetyakh i kakuyu v etom vidyat problemu [Elektronnyi resurs]. URL: https://tjournal.ru/internet/174794-blackout-tuesday-pochemu-vse-vokrug-publikuyut-chernye-kvadraty-v-socsetyah-i-kakuyu-v-etom-vidyat-problemu (data obrashcheniya: 05.12.2020).
Hughey M. W., Embrick D. G., Doane A. W. Paving the Way for Future Race Research Exploring the Racial Mechanisms within a Color-Blind, Racialized Social System // American Behavioral Scientist. 2015. № 59 (11). R. 1347-1357.
Mauer M. Addressing Racial Disparities in Incarceration // The Prison Journal. 2011. № 91 (3). R. 87-101.
Omi M., Winant H. Racial Formation in the United States from the 1960’s to the 1980’s. N. Y.: Routledge, 1986. 224 p.
Siscoe T. #BlackLivesMatter: This Generation’s Civil Rights Movement: University Honors Theses. Portland: Portland State University, 2016. 25 p.
Smiley C., Fakunle D. From "brute" to "thug": The demonization and criminalization of unarmed Black male victims in America // Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment. 2016. № 26 (3-4). R. 350-366.
Transcript of Civil Rights Act (1964) [Elektronnyi resurs]. URL: https://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=false&doc=97&page=transcript (data obrashcheniya: 12.12.2020).
U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation. Uniform Crime Reporting Statistics [Elektronnyi resurs]. URL: http://www.ucrdatatool.gov (data obrashcheniya: 05.12.2020).
Van Cleve N. G., Mayes L. Criminal Justice through "Colorblind" Lenses: A Call to Examine the Mutual Constitution of Race and Criminal Justice // Law & Social Inquiry. 2015. № 40 (2). R. 406-432.
Virtanen S. V., Huddy L. Old-Fashioned Racism and New Forms of Racial Prejudice // The Journal of Politics. 1998. № 60 (2). R. 311-332.
Русский
