Choice of Criterion: Developing a Classification of Philosophies
Tarasov Oleg Vladimirovich
Sterlitamak Branch of Bashkir State University
Submitted: 20.07.2020
Abstract. The study aims to facilitate formation of a scientific classification of philosophies. The article criticises classifications of philosophies with reference to such characteristics as self-expression and self-knowledge. The author demonstrates that both of these characteristics are rather superficial. Scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that a new idea is used as a tool: to consider an empirically ascertainable fact of certain properties absolutisation resulting from interaction between a man and the world present (absent) in creative work of a particular philosopher as a reference criterion of the sought classification. As a result of the study, first, effective criticism of classifications of philosophies referring to characteristics of self-expression and self-knowledge as being superficial is given. Second, the following principles of a new classification are formulated. Types of philosophising and their subject areas are fundamentally separated, each of the two main identified types - high evaluative (absolutist) type and rationally critical (scientific) type - is of equal worth and intrinsically heterogeneous.
Key words and phrases: критерий классификации философских учений, самовыражение, самопознание, предмет философии, абсолютистская философия, научная философия, criterion for classification of philosophies, self-expression, self-knowledge, subject matter of philosophy, absolutism, scientific philosophy
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