RULER’S PORTRAITS AS SAINT GEORGE IN THE EUROPEAN AND RUSSIAN ART AND APPROACHES TO THEIR STUDY
Skvortsova Ekaterina Aleksandrovna
Saint Petersburg University
Submitted: 26.02.2019
Abstract. In the article, on the basis of scientific literature, the author presents an overview of rulers’ portraits as Saint George in the West European, Eastern Christian and Russian art for the first time. The tendencies of studying the portrait-identification revealed by this example, such as striving for cataloguing and classification, clarification of sources and evolution, specification of terminology in the European science and emphasis on the interpretation of such images in contemporary written sources in the domestic science, open up prospects for further research of this important phenomenon in the context of monarch power sacralization.
Key words and phrases: портрет в образе святого Георгия, сакрализация власти, портрет-отождествление и близкие по значению термины, портрет-отождествление в религиозном и светском искусстве, портрет-отождествление в геральдике, подходы к изучению портрета-отождествления в русской и европейской историографии, portrait as Saint George, power sacralization, portrait-identification and related terms, portrait-identification in religious and secular art, portrait-identification in heraldry, approaches to portrait-identification study in the Russian and European historiography
Open the whole article in PDF format. Free PDF-files viewer can be downloaded here.
References:
Alekseeva M. A. Zhanr konklyuzii v russkom iskusstve kontsa XVII - nachala XVIII v. // Alekseeva M. A. Iz istorii russkoi gravyury XVII - nachala XIX v. M. - SPb.: Al'yans-Arkheo, 2013. S. 35-65.
Belavenets P. I. Izmenenie rossiiskogo gosudarstvennogo gerba v imperatorskii period: istoricheskaya spravka. Pg.: Tip. P. P. Soikina, 1915. 29 s.
Biryukova S. V. Istoriya odnoi kartiny. "Vzyatie Azova" [Elektronnyi resurs] // Virtual'nyi Russkii muzei. URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J9EC9lSq4SM (data obrashcheniya: 11.01.2019).
Borin V. Dva pamyatnika ikonografii XVII i XVIII v.: ikona Azovskoi Bogomateri i propisi k nei // Svetil'nik. 1914. № 8. S. 3-12.
Borozan I. B. Politichka ikonografiјa i skulptura u sluzhbi memorisaњa narodnog kraљa: Spomenik kraљu Petru I Karaђorђeviћu u Biјeљini // Zbornik Matitse srpske za likovne umetnosti. 2017. № 45. S. 249-265.
Vilinbakhov G. V. Vsadnik russkogo gerba // Trudy Gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha. L.: Iskusstvo, 1981. T. XXI. Numizmatika. Vyp. 5. S. 117-122.
Vilinbakhov G. V. Emblematika i gosudarstvennaya simvolika Rossii Petrovskogo vremeni // Osnovatelyu Peterburga: katalog vystavki k 300-letiyu Sankt-Peterburga. SPb.: Slaviya, 2003. S. 76-89.
Voronets E. I. Chetyrekhsotletie rossiiskogo gosudarstvennogo gerba. Kh.: Tip. Yuzhnogo Kraya, 1898. 53 s.
Gavrin V. V. "Ventsenosna Dobrodetel'!": ritorika imperatorskogo portreta. Inoskazatel'nost' izobrazhenii Ekateriny Velikoi v paradnom portrete // Iskusstvoznanie. 2003. № 2. S. 272-319.
Gavrin V. V. Inoskazanie v portretnoi zhivopisi Rossii vtoroi poloviny XVIII veka // Iskusstvoznanie. 2003. № 1. S. 250-295.
Drachuk V. S. Rasskazyvaet geral'dika. M.: Nauka, 1977. 256 s.
Zharkova N. Yu. Sistema allegorii v russkom iskusstve kontsa XVII - pervoi chetverti XVIII veka: k probleme preemstvennosti v allegoricheskikh izobrazheniyakh Petra I // Problemy russkoi khudozhestvennoi kul'tury XVIII veka: tezisy dokladov Vsesoyuznoi nauchnoi konferentsii. M., 1991. S. 46-49.
Ivan Prokof'ev, 1758-1828. K 250-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya: katalog rabot / avt. st. i sost. E. Karpova, N. Uvarova. SPb.: Palace Editions, 2008. 95 s.
Kamentseva E. I., Ustyugov N. V. Russkaya sfragistika i geral'dika. M.: Vysshaya shkola, 1974. 264 s.
Krivdina O. A. Professor skul'ptury Nikolai Stepanovich Pimenov. 1812-1864: [zhizn' i tvorchestvo]. SPb.: Sudarynya, 2007. 418 s.
Moiseeva S. V. Russkie kist'yu sovremennikov. Portretnaya zhivopis' kontsa XVI - pervoi poloviny XVIII veka v sobraniyakh Evropy i Rossii. SPb.: Dmitrii Bulanin, 2017. 304 s.
Ovchinnikova E. S. Portret v russkom iskusstve XVII veka: materialy i issledovaniya. M.: Iskusstvo, 1955. 139 s.
Petr I. Vremya i okruzhenie: materialy vystavki. SPb.: Palace Editions, 2015. 132 s.
Pogosyan E., Smorzhevskikh-Smirnova M. "Ya Devu v solntse zryu stoyashchu…": obraz apokalipticheskoi Zheny v russkoi ofitsial'noi kul'ture 1695-1742 gg. // Studia Russica Helsingiensia et Tartuensia - VIII. Tartu: Tartu Ulikooli Kirjastus, 2002. S. 9-37.
Reginskaya N. V. Svyatoi Georgii Pobedonosets - geroi-zmeeborets: obraz svyatogo Georgiya Pobedonostsa v vizantiisko-slavyanskom iskusstve. SPb.: Peterburg XXI vek, 2009. 206 s.
Rovinskii D. A. Podrobnyi slovar' russkikh gravirovannykh portretov: v 4-kh t. SPb.: Tip. Imperatorskoi Akademii nauk, 1888. T. III. 2208 stb.
Sakharov I. P. Zapiski o russkikh gerbakh. Ch. 1. Moskovskii gerb. SPb.: Tip. E. Veimara, 1856. 32 s.
Svyatukha O. P. Konnye tsarskie izobrazheniya v russkom iskusstve XVII veka // Istoriya i kul'tura. 2007. № 6. S. 52-63.
Svyatukha O. P. Russkii portret XVI - 70-kh godov XVII v. v kontekste obshcheevropeiskogo puti razvitiya zhanra // Problemy slavyanskoi kul'tury i tsivilizatsii: materialy Mezhdunarodnoi nauchnoi konferentsii / otv. red. A. M. Antipova. Ussuriisk: Izd-vo UGPI, 2001. S. 16-21.
Semenovich N. N. Tri russkikh znameni kontsa XVII veka // Soobshcheniya Gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha. 1974. Vyp. 39. S. 21-24.
Sidorov A. A. Drevnerusskaya knizhnaya gravyura. M.: Izd-vo Akad. nauk SSSR, 1951. 396 s.
Soboleva N. A. Simvoly russkoi gosudarstvennosti // Voprosy istorii. 1979. № 6. S. 47-59.
Spasskii I. G. K prizhiznennoi ikonografii Ivana Groznogo // Soobshcheniya Gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha. 1976. Vyp. 41. S. 49-53.
Speransov N. N. Zemel'nye gerby Rossii XII-XIX vv. M.: Sov. Rossiya, 1974. 198 s.
Stolobova E. I. Vzyatie Azova. Allegoricheskoe izobrazhenie // N. Kh. Neizvestnyi khudozhnik: zhivopis' i skul'ptura iz sobraniya Russkogo muzeya. SPb.: Palace Editions, 2012.
Stolobova E. I. To akademik, to geroi… to bog? Mifologizatsiya obraza imperatora Petra I v zhivopisi XVIII-XIX vekov // Stranitsy istorii otechestvennogo iskusstva: sb. st. po materialam nauch. konf. (Russkii muzei. Sankt-Peterburg, 2011). SPb.: Palace Editions, 2011. Vyp. XIX. S. 104-120.
Ukazatel' Vystavki v Akademii khudozhestv khudozhestvennykh proizvedenii byvshego professora skul'ptury N. S. Pimenova. SPb., 1864. 15 s.
Yazykov A. P. O russkom gosudarstvennom tsvete. SPb.: Tip. III Otdeleniya Sobstv. E. I. V. Kantselyarii, 1858. 37 s.
Braunfels-Esche S. Sankt Georg: Legende, Verehrung, Symbol. M?nchen: G.D.W. Callwey, 1976. 227 S.
Cawthorne G. J., Herod R. S. Royal Ascot. Its History and Its Associations. L.: A. Treherne and Co, 1902. 386 p.
George and the Dragon [Elektronnyi resurs] // The British Museum: Research: Collection On-line. URL: https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=1660940&partId= 1&searchText=St.+George+and+the+dragon&page=8 (data obrashcheniya: 11.01.2019).
K?hne B. von. Das Kaiserlich-Russische Reichswappen. Reiter und Doppeladler // Vierteljahrsschrift f?r Heraldik, Sphragistik und Genealogie. Berlin: Carl Heymanns, 1882. S. 397-418.
Polleross F. Das sakrale Identifikationsportr?t. Ein h?fischer Bildtypus vom 13. bis zum 20. Jahrhundert. Worms: Werner, 1988. 366 S.
Riches S. St. George: Hero, Martyr and Myth. Stroud: Sutton, 2005. 236 p.
St George and the Dragon [Elektronnyi resurs] // The British Museum: Research: Collection On-line. URL: https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=1472013&partId= 1&searchText=St.+George+and+the+dragon&page=8 (data obrashcheniya: 11.01.2019).
St George and the Dragon [Elektronnyi resurs] // The British Museum: Research: Collection On-line. URL: https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=1644373&partId= 1&searchText=St.+George+and+the+dragon&page=7 (data obrashcheniya: 11.01.2019).
St George and the Dragon [Elektronnyi resurs] // The British Museum: Research: Collection On-line. URL: https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=1673384&partId= 1&searchText=St.+George+and+the+dragon&page=5 (data obrashcheniya: 11.01.2019).
St George and the Dragon, or The Glorious ?ra of 1798 [Elektronnyi resurs] // The British Museum: Research: Collection On-line. URL: https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId= 1652743&partId=1&searchText=St.+George+and+the+dragon&page=9 (data obrashcheniya: 11.01.2019).
The Emperor of Russia’s Ascot Cup [Elektronnyi resurs] // The British Museum: Research: Collection On-line. URL: https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?assetId=1136060001& objectId=3408777&partId=1 (data obrashcheniya: 11.01.2019).
The Glory of Saint George: Man, Dragon, and Death. Antwerpen: Mercatorfonds, 2016. 288 p.