L. H. Jakob: Philological sciences through the lens of aesthetics
Makarova Liubov Yevgenyevna
V. Popov Academy of Coral Art
Submitted: 01.08.2024
Abstract. The research aims to reconstruct L. H. Jakob’s system of philological sciences (subject, boundaries, structure, and nomenclature) by analyzing the system of philosophical sciences he developed during his academic career in the Russian Empire (1807-1816). To this end, the paper analyzes and characterizes Jakob’s general logic, general (philosophical) grammar, aesthetics, rhetoric, and poetics, i.e., sciences traditionally considered part of the study of language and literature (the so-called trivium) up to the 1830s. The author’s understanding of “verbal sciences” and their connection to other sciences within the philosophical circle is articulated. Common features and differences between Jakob’s “verbal science” and those of his influential contemporaries such as I. S. Rizhsky, Archbishop Feoktist (Mochulsky), A. S. Nikolsky, A. F. Merzlyakov, N. Yazvitsky, and I. M. Born are identified. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that Jakob’s philological views, both as a unified whole and in comparison with other authors’ views on philology from that period, are examined for the first time. The research shows that Jakob’s system of “verbal sciences” (the theory of “verbal (fine) art”, rhetoric, poetics) significantly differs from the trivium of the Lomonosov school (introduction to logic, grammar, rhetoric with/without poetics), but at the same time, it fits into the general process of transforming the classical trivium, at the center of which was the science of constructing persuasive “fine” discourse (rhetoric), into a new, “verbal” trivium (grammar, theory of philology, history of philology), centered on the theory of style. Jakob’s system stands out in this general process with its originality: it is perhaps the only example of a philological theory where “verbal arts” as part of “fine (aesthetic) arts” and their general theory are subordinated to aesthetic categories and principles.
Key words and phrases: история филологии, тривиум, науки словесности, всеобщая (философская) грамматика, русская эстетика начала XIX в, Л. Г. Якоб, history of philology, trivium, verbal sciences, general (philosophical) grammar, Russian aesthetics of the early 19th century, L. H. Jakob
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