Language Shift as a Result of the Influence of Social Factors (by the Example of Finno-Ugric Languages of the Russian Federation)
Kondrashkina Elena Alekseevna
Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Submitted: 08.09.2022
Abstract. The paper is aimed at obtaining data on the accelerating language shift among the Finno-Ugric peoples of the Russian Federation living in the Republics of Karelia, Komi, Mari El, Mordovia and Udmurtia. To achieve this aim, the task was to analyse the extralinguistic factors causing that shift to occur: the demographic and functional power of the language, the language environment, the transfer of the language from the older generation to the younger one, the position of the language at schools, the prestige of the language, etc. Special attention is paid to the national language policy during the Soviet, post-USSR and present times. The negative influence of a number of social factors, such as the anti-nationalism struggle and repressions in the 1930s, the Russification, on the psychological state of native speakers of the titular languages is emphasised. Bilingualism and code switching in the process of communication are defined as the initial stage of the language shift. Scientific novelty of the paper lies in the fact that the study of the language shift and its causes among the Finno-Ugric peoples of the Russian Federation is carried out to such an extent for the first time. The result is statistical data on the language shift among the Finno-Ugrians of the five above-mentioned republics in the 2010 census.
Key words and phrases: языковой сдвиг, государственные языки, финно-угорские языки, языковая политика, социальные факторы, language shift, state languages, Finno-Ugric languages, language policy, social factors
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