Abstract. The article poses a problem to substantiate the author’s ontogenetic approach which is an alternative to the traditional pedagogical approach to the organization of schoolboys’ cognitive activity. As a result of the comparative analysis, the authors reveal the phenomenon of "ontogenetic thinking", characterized by the direction of thought from a notion to knowledge. Within the framework of an ontogenetic paradigm the pedagogical aim is presented as the cultivation of natural cognition-development of an individual in specially prepared educational environment.
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