THE ORIGINS OF FEDERALISM IDEAS IN RUSSIA AND THE BASHKIR FOLK PUBLICISM OF THE XVIII CENTURY (BY THE EXAMPLE OF THE WRITTEN HERITAGE OF BATYRSHA ALIYEV)
Khusainov Salavat Mirsadyrovich
Institute of History, Language and Literature, Ufa Scientific Center, the Russian Academy of Sciences
Abstract. On the background of the development of federalism ideas in Russia the article highlights their origins in Bashkir folk publicism of the XVIII century, it reveals its main peculiarities which at the same time serve as one of the sources, having influenced the Russian public thought by thousands of invisible threads. The liberation movement of the Muslim peoples of the Urals-Volga region in 1755-1756, under the ideological leadership of Batyrsha Aliyev, became the basis for a broader action of the people during the Peasant war of 1773-1775 under the leadership of Ye. Pugachev. These uprisings had their consequences. Reflected in the epistolary monuments - petitions, applications, manifests, they had an impact on the public thought of Russia, led to political and administrative innovations in the life of Russia’s nations and of the entire Russian state. Bashkir folk publicism of the XVIII century is estimated in the article as an integral part of the Russian spiritual heritage.
Key words and phrases: башкирская публицистика, эпистолярные жанры, идеи федерализма, общественная мысль, письма Батырши, духовное наследие, Bashkir publicism, epistolary genres, the ideas of federalism, public opinion, letters of Batyrsha, spiritual heritage
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